Arab alifbosi — 28 harf
Har bir harfning 4 shakli: alohida, so'z boshida, o'rtasida, oxirida.
ا
alif (ā / a)
alif
اـاـا
أَب — ota (ab)
cho'ziq "a" tovushi
ب
bo (b)
bāʾ
بــبــب
بَيْت — uy (bayt)
o'zbekcha "b"
ت
to (t)
tāʾ
تــتــت
تُفَّاحَة — olma (tuffāḥa)
o'zbekcha "t"
ث
so (s̱) (ṯ)
ṯāʾ
ثــثــث
ثَلَاثَة — uch (ṯalāṯa)
inglizcha "think" dagi th
ج
jim (ǧ)
ǧīm
جــجــج
جَمَل — tuya (ǧamal)
o'zbekcha "j" (jo'y)
ح
ho (ẖ) (ḥ)
ḥāʾ
حــحــح
حُبّ — sevgi (ḥubb)
chuqur, tomoqdan chiqadigan "h"
خ
xo (ḫ)
ḫāʾ
خــخــخ
خُبْز — non (ḫubz)
o'zbekcha "x" (xona)
د
dol (d)
dāl
دـدـد
دَرْس — dars (dars)
o'zbekcha "d"
ذ
zol (ḏ)
ḏāl
ذـذـذ
ذَهَب — oltin (ḏahab)
inglizcha "this" dagi th
ر
ro (r)
rāʾ
رـرـر
رَجُل — erkak (raǧul)
o'zbekcha "r"
ز
zay (z)
zāy
زـزـز
زَهْرَة — gul (zahra)
o'zbekcha "z"
س
sin (s)
sīn
ســســس
سَمَك — baliq (samak)
o'zbekcha "s"
ش
shin (š)
šīn
شــشــش
شَمْس — quyosh (šams)
o'zbekcha "sh"
ص
sod (ṣ)
ṣād
صــصــص
صَدِيق — do'st (ṣadīq)
qalin "s" (til tanglayga yopishadi)
ض
dod (ḍ)
ḍād
ضــضــض
ضَوْء — yorug'lik (ḍawʾ)
qalin "d"
ط
to (ṭ) (ṭ)
ṭāʾ
طــطــط
طَالِب — talaba (ṭālib)
qalin "t"
ظ
zo (ẓ) (ẓ)
ẓāʾ
ظــظــظ
ظَرْف — konvert (ẓarf)
qalin "z"
ع
ayn (ʿ)
ʿayn
عــعــع
عَيْن — ko'z (ʿayn)
tomoq o'rtasidan chiqadigan tovush
غ
g'ayn (ġ)
ġayn
غــغــغ
غَرِيب — g'alati (ġarīb)
o'zbekcha "g'" (g'alaba)
ف
fo (f)
fāʾ
فــفــف
فِيل — fil (fīl)
o'zbekcha "f"
ق
qof (q)
qāf
قــقــق
قَمَر — oy (qamar)
chuqur "q" (tomoq orqasidan)
ك
kof (k)
kāf
كــكــك
كِتَاب — kitob (kitāb)
o'zbekcha "k"
ل
lom (l)
lām
لــلــل
لَبَن — sut (laban)
o'zbekcha "l"
م
mim (m)
mīm
مــمــم
مَاء — suv (māʾ)
o'zbekcha "m"
ن
nun (n)
nūn
نــنــن
نُور — nur (nūr)
o'zbekcha "n"
ه
ho (h)
hāʾ
هــهــه
هَوَاء — havo (hawāʾ)
yengil "h"
و
vov (w / ū)
wāw
وـوـو
وَلَد — bola (walad)
o'zbekcha "v" yoki cho'ziq "u"
ي
yo (y / ī)
yāʾ
يــيــي
يَد — qo'l (yad)
o'zbekcha "y" yoki cho'ziq "i"
Harakatlar (tashkil)
َ
Fatha
فَتْحَة
Unli "a" tovushini bildiradi (masalan: بَ = ba)
بَتَ = bata
ِ
Kasra
كَسْرَة
Unli "i" tovushini bildiradi (masalan: بِ = bi)
بِتِ = biti
ُ
Damma
ضَمَّة
Unli "u" tovushini bildiradi (masalan: بُ = bu)
بُتُ = butu
ْ
Sukun
سُكُون
Harf harakatsiz (undosh) ekanini bildiradi
بْ = b
ّ
Shadda
شَدَّة
Harf ikkilantiriladi (geminatsiya)
بّ = bb
ً
Tanwin Fath
تَنْوِين فَتْح
"-an" tovushi (masalan: بًا = ban)
كِتَابًا = kitāban
ٍ
Tanwin Kasr
تَنْوِين كَسْر
"-in" tovushi (masalan: بٍ = bin)
كِتَابٍ = kitābin
ٌ
Tanwin Damm
تَنْوِين ضَمّ
"-un" tovushi (masalan: بٌ = bun)
كِتَابٌ = kitābun